Continuous Time Linear Systems Scaling Property
Which of the following options is true for a linear time-invariant discrete time system that obeys the difference equation:
y[n]-ay[n-1]=b_0x[n]-b_1x[n-1]
| y[n] is unaffected by the values of x[n - k]; k \gt 2 | |
| The system is necessarily causal. | |
| The system impulse response is non-zero at infinitely many instants. | |
| When x[n] = 0, n \lt 0, the function y[n]; n \gt 0 is solely determined by the function x[n]. |
GATE EE 2020 Signals and Systems
Question 1 Explanation:
\begin{aligned} y(n)-ay(n-1)&=b_{0}x(n)-b_{1}x(n-2) \\ &\text{By applying ZT,} \\ Y(z)-az^{-1}Y(z)&=b_{0}X(z)-b_{1}z^{-1}X(z)\\ \Rightarrow \, \, H(z)&=\frac{Y(z)}{X(z)}=\frac{b_{0}-b_{1}z^{-1}}{1-az^{-1}} \end{aligned}
By taking right-sided inverse ZT,
h(n)=b_{0}a^{n}u(n)-b_{1}a^{n-1}u(n-1)
By taking left-sided inverse ZT,
h(n)=-b_{0}a^{n}u(-n-1)+b_{1}a^{n-1}u(-n)
Thus system is not necessarily causal.
The impulse response is non-zero at infinitely many instants.
A continuous-time input signal x(t) is an eigenfunction of an LTI system, if the output is
| k x(t) , where k is an eigenvalue | |
| k e^{j\omega t} x(t), where k is an eigenvalue and e^{j\omega t} is a complex exponential signal | |
| x(t) e^{j\omega t}, where e^{j\omega t} is a complex exponential signal | |
| k H(\omega) ,where k is an eigenvalue and H(\omega) is a frequency response of the system |
GATE EE 2018 Signals and Systems
Question 2 Explanation:
Eigen function is a type of input for which output is constant times of input.
i.e.
Where,
x(t)= System input = eigen function
H(s)= transfer function of system
y(t)= system output
Here,
y(t)=H(s)|_{s=a}\; e^{at}=k \cdot x(t)
where,
k= eigen-value =H(s)|_{s=a}
x(t)= eigen-function input
Let z(t)=x(t) * y(t) , where "*" denotes convolution. Let c be a positive real-valued constant. Choose the correct expression for z(ct).
| c x(ct)*y(ct) | |
| x(ct)*y(ct) | |
| c x(t)*y(ct) | |
| c x(ct)*y(t) |
GATE EE 2017-SET-1 Signals and Systems
Question 3 Explanation:
Time scaling property of convolution.
If, x(t)*y(t)=z(t)
Then, x(ct)*y(ct)=\frac{1}{c} z(ct)
z(ct)=c \times x(ct) * y(ct)
Consider a causal LTI system characterized by differential equation \frac{dy(t)}{dt}+\frac{1}{6}y(t)=3x(t). The response of the system to the input x(t)=3e^{-\frac{t}{3}}u(t). where u(t) denotes the unit step function, is
| 9e^{-\frac{t}{3}}u(t) | |
| 9e^{-\frac{t}{6}}u(t) | |
| 9e^{-\frac{t}{3}}u(t)-6e^{-\frac{t}{6}}u(t) | |
| 54e^{-\frac{t}{6}}u(t)-54e^{-\frac{t}{3}}u(t) |
GATE EE 2016-SET-2 Signals and Systems
Question 4 Explanation:
The differential equation
\begin{aligned} \frac{dy(t)}{dt} &+\frac{1}{6}y(t)=3x(t) \\ \text{So, }sY(s)&+\frac{1}{6}Y(s) =3X(s) \\ Y(s) &=\frac{3X(s)}{\left ( s+\frac{1}{6} \right )} \\ X(s) &=\frac{9}{\left ( s+\frac{1}{3} \right )} \\ \text{So, } Y(s)&=\frac{9}{\left ( s+\frac{1}{3} \right )\left ( s+\frac{1}{6} \right )} \\ &=\frac{54}{\left ( s+\frac{1}{6} \right )} -\frac{54}{\left ( s+\frac{1}{3} \right )}\\ \text{So, }y(t) &= (54e^{-1/6t}-54e^{-1/3t})u(t) \end{aligned}
The output of a continuous-time, linear time-invariant system is denoted by T{x(t)} where x(t) is the input signal. A signal z(t) is called eigen-signal of the system T, when T\{z(t)\} = \gamma z(t), where \gamma is a complex number, in general, and is called an eigenvalue of T. Suppose the impulse response of the system T is real and even. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
| cos(t) is an eigen-signal but sin(t) is not | |
| cos(t) and sin(t) are both eigen-signals but with different eigenvalues | |
| sin(t) is an eigen-signal but cos(t) is not | |
| cos(t) and sin(t) are both eigen-signals with identical eigenvalues |
GATE EE 2016-SET-1 Signals and Systems
Question 5 Explanation:
Given that impulse response is real and even, Thus H(j\omega ) will also be real and even.
Since, H(j\omega ) is real and even thus,
H(j\omega )=H(-j\omega )
Now, \cos (t) is input i.e. \frac{e^{jt}+e^{-jt}}{2} is input
Output will be
\frac{H(j1)e^{jt}+H(-j1)e^{-jt}}{2}=H(j1)\left ( \frac{e^{jt}+e^{-jt}}{2} \right )= H(j1) \cos (t)
If, \sin (t) is input i.e. \frac{e^{jt}+e^{-jt}}{2} is input
Output will be
\frac{H(j1)e^{jt}+H(-j1)e^{-jt}}{2}=H(j1)\left ( \frac{e^{jt}-e^{-jt}}{2j} \right )= H(j1) \sin (t)
So, \sin (t) and \cos (t) are eigen signal with same eigen values.
Consider the following state-space representation of a linear time-invariant system.
\dot{x}(t)=\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 0\\ 0&2 \end{bmatrix}x(t), y(t)=c^{T}x(t), c=\begin{bmatrix} 1\\ 1 \end{bmatrix} and x(0)=\begin{bmatrix} 1\\ 1 \end{bmatrix}
The value of y(t) for t= log_{e}2 is______.
| 4 | |
| 5 | |
| 6 | |
| 7 |
GATE EE 2016-SET-1 Signals and Systems
Consider a continuous-time system with input x(t) and output y(t) given by
y(t) = x(t) cos(t)
This system is
| linear and time-invariant | |
| non-linear and time-invariant | |
| linear and time-varying | |
| non-linear and time-varying |
GATE EE 2016-SET-1 Signals and Systems
Question 7 Explanation:
\begin{aligned} y(t)&=x(t)\cos (t)\\ &\text{To check linearity,}\\ y_1(t)&=x_1(t)\cos (t)\\ &[y_1(t) \text{ is output for }x_1(t)]\\ y_2(t)&=x_2(t) \cos (t)\\ &[y_2(t) \text{ is output for }x_2(t)]\\ \text{so, the}& \text{ output for }(x_1(t)+ x_2(t)) \text{ will be}\\ y(t)&=[x_1(t)+ x_2(t)]\cos (t)\\ &=y_1(t)+y_2(t) \end{aligned}
So, the system is linear, to check time invariance.
The delayed output,
y(t-t_0)=x(t-t_0)\cos (t-t_0)
The output for delayed input,
y(t, t_0)=x(t-t_0)\cos (t)
Since, y(t-t_0)\neq y(t,t_0)
System is time varying.
The following discrete-time equations result from the numerical integration of the differential equations of an un-damped simple harmonic oscillator with state variables x and y. The integration time step is h.
\frac{x_{k+1}-x_{k}}{h}=y_{k}
\frac{y_{k+1}-y_{k}}{h}=-x_{k}
For this discrete-time system, which one of the following statements is TRUE?
| The system is not stable for h\gt 0 | |
| The system is stable for h \gt \frac{1}{\pi } | |
| The system is stable for 0 \lt h \lt \frac{1}{2\pi } | |
| The system is stable for \frac{1}{2\pi } \lt h \lt \frac{1}{\pi } |
GATE EE 2015-SET-2 Signals and Systems
For linear time invariant systems, that are Bounded Input Bounded Output stable, which one of the following statements is TRUE?
| The impulse response will be integrable, but may not be absolutely integrable. | |
| The unit impulse response will have finite support. | |
| The unit step response will be absolutely integrable | |
| The unit step response will be bounded. |
GATE EE 2015-SET-2 Signals and Systems
The impulse response g(t) of a system, G , is as shown in Figure (a). What is the maximum value attained by the impulse response of two cascaded blocks of G as shown in Figure (b)?
| \frac{2}{3} | |
| \frac{3}{4} | |
| \frac{4}{5} | |
| 1 |
GATE EE 2015-SET-1 Signals and Systems
Question 10 Explanation:
\begin{aligned} g(t)&=u(t)-u(t-1)\\ G(s)&=\frac{1}{s}-\frac{e^{-s}}{s}\\ G(s) \times G(s)&=g(t)* g(t) \end{aligned}
Maximum value =1
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